Meteorology component · 18 agricultural regions

Climate and Agriculture Atlas of Türkiye

The climate of Türkiye’s agricultural regions over the past 35 years, how it has changed, and what lies ahead.

About the project

The climate is changing, and agriculture is at the heart of that change.

The Climate and Agriculture Atlas of Türkiye aims to show, in one place, how climate change is being felt across the country’s agricultural regions. It divides Türkiye into 18 regions built from agricultural basins (production zones defined by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Türkiye), and uses simple charts to show how much each region has warmed over the past 35 years, how precipitation and drought have changed, and what is expected in the future.

The atlas’s second pillar is people. Through surveys and interviews in the regions, we want to learn how farmers and local communities perceive climate change, which risks they consider most important, and what they expect from the future. Bringing measured climate and lived experience side by side will create common ground for adaptation work tailored to each region.

What do we expect from the atlas?

  • Everyone can easily see how the climate is changing in their own region.
  • Decision-makers and experts can compare regions on the same scale.
  • Climate data and people’s experience come together on the same page.

This project is supported by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change of the Republic of Türkiye.

Stages

  1. Climate dataCompleted · this release

    Station data for 1991–2025 from the Turkish State Meteorological Service were processed for the 18 regions.

  2. SurveyIn preparation

    A survey in the regions on climate perception, awareness, risk perception and expectations.

  3. FieldworkPlanned

    Face-to-face interviews with farmers and local stakeholders.

  4. Integrated atlasPlanned

    Climate data combined with survey and fieldwork findings for each region.

On the map

How fast are the regions warming?

Tap a region to select it.
Selected region
See details ↓
Show all regions as a table

35 years, 35 stripes

Each stripe is one year. Blue: colder than the 1991–2020 climate normal; red: warmer.

Temperature through the year

Line: monthly mean; band: mean minimum to mean maximum. 1991–2020.

Precipitation through the year

Mean monthly precipitation, 1991–2020.

Hot days are rising, frost days are falling

Days per year with a maximum temperature above 30 °C, and frost days per year

Days with maximum temperature above 30 °CFrost days

Dry and wet years

Drier than normalWetter than normalDrought threshold (SPI −1)

What does the future hold?

Temperature change
Precipitation change
Intermediate scenario (RCP4.5)Very high emissions scenario (RCP8.5)Each dot is one model; the bold figure is the three-model mean

Which disasters occur?

Meteorological disaster records by type, 2000–2025

No annual trend is shown because record counts have grown with increased reporting.

In which month?

Monthly distribution of the five most frequent disaster types; darker colours mark the months when each type is most common

Climate type

Regional mean and distribution across stations

Perception and expectations survey

In preparation

Results of the surveys and interviews in this region will appear here: how farmers and the public perceive climate change, how aware they are, which risks they consider most important, and what they expect from the future.

PerceptionAwarenessRisk perceptionExpectations
Method

How was this atlas made?

  1. Data

    Monthly station measurements for 1991–2025 from the Turkish State Meteorological Service (MGM) were used: MGM’s Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for drought, MGM’s climate projections for the future, and MGM’s meteorological disaster records for disasters.

  2. Quality control

    Erroneous measurements were removed by comparison with nearby stations. Only stations with most of their 1991–2020 measurements (80%) complete were used: .

  3. Regions

    The 30 agricultural basins of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Türkiye were merged into 18 regions based on adjacency, number of stations, size, and similarity in climate and agriculture.

  4. Calculation

    The “climate normal” is the 1991–2020 average. “Last 10 years” comparisons are between 2016–2025 and 1991–2000. Each station is assessed against its own climate normal; the regional value is the average of the stations in the region.

  5. Future

    Three climate models (HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR, GFDL-ESM2M) and two scenarios (intermediate: RCP4.5, very high emissions: RCP8.5). Change is given relative to each model’s own 1971–2000 period; the dots show the spread between models.

  6. Limitations

    Stations are mostly in plains and valleys; higher ground is less well represented. Disaster records are at province level. Numbers of hail and storm days were not used because the measurement method changed.

Sources

Turkish State Meteorological Service (monthly meteorological parameters, SPI indices, meteorological disaster records; “Yeni Senaryolar ile Türkiye İklim Projeksiyonları ve İklim Değişikliği” [Climate projections and climate change for Türkiye with new scenarios], 2015) · Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Türkiye (agricultural basins) · District boundaries © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), geoBoundaries.
Climate and Agriculture Atlas of Türkiye · first release · Supported by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change of the Republic of Türkiye · Map boundaries © OpenStreetMap contributors